Integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) carefully consider all available pest control techniques and subsequent appropriate measures.
That discourages the development of pest populations. It keeps pesticides and other interventions to economically justified levels. It reduces or minimizes risks to human health and the environment.
IPDM boosts the growth of a healthy crop with the possible low disruption to the agroecosystems, This also encourages natural pest control mechanisms.
IPDM means not complete eradication of pests and diseases but control of them up to an economic loss.
These practices will not harm human beings, animals, or beneficial insects like the honey bee. There are several ways to keep pest and disease infections at an economic level.
Cultural practices
– Ploughing, harrowing, hygiene in the orchard, solarization of soil, give control over the egg, larvae, and pupal stage of several pests and many more spores of diseases.
Crop rotation and trap crops
– As the orchards are perineal, we can’t change the crop every year or every season, but we can take different crops as intercrop. We can plant different trap crops on the border or between rows.
Biological control
– Biological control agents are cost-effective for pest and disease management. We can create multiple colonies of bioagents.
Use of resistance variety, resistance rootstock
– By adopting a resistant variety of rootstock, we can minimize the impact of pest or disease infection.
Organic pesticides
– Extracts of various plants have medicinal value, and a spray of it controls pest infection at various growth stages. Oil extract from seeds of various plants also has medicinal value and gives control over various pests and diseases. Organic pesticides work more as a repellent and hence are suggested as a preventive measure.
IPM program uses pesticides derived from plants and plant parts such as leaves, roots, or flowers of medicinal plants, oils of seeds, or other naturally occurring materials. The use of organic pesticides is a safe way to control pests and diseases as a preventive measure.
Chemical control
– Chemical control is the last step to controlling pest infestation. It should be used at the economic threshold level. Its control includes the application of chemical insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. Chemical pesticides must be used with proper care and guidelines to avoid side effects on plants, nature, animals, and human beings.
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