Bahar Treatment In Ultra High Density Mango Plantation

Bahar Treatment

Bahar management in mango starts from the harvest of earlier fruits. After Harvesting, pruning of trees is to be done immediately. Irrigate the field up to saturation level. Thinning of excess branches within a month after pruning is an essential step in bahar treatment.

Application of paclobutrazol(PBZ) to the taproot of mango tree within 2.5 to 3 months after pruning. PBZ is applied as per the canopy of the tree. PBZ application dose is calculated as per the diameter of the plant.1.5 ml per meter canopy. Before PBZ application, irrigation is given up to field capacity

After that, no irrigation till 25 percent flowering is seen in the orchard. Then, slowly increase irrigation water and start irrigating daily after fruits get the size of a lemon. This is an essential step in bahar treatment.

• Spray calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate alternate at 15 days intervals at the bud busting stage.
• Spray naphthalic acetic acid (NAA) 2 to 3 times at 15 days intervals from flowering stage to up to lemon size fruit.
• Spray potassium nitrate at the egg size stage.
• Preventive spray schedule for pests and diseases with 15 days intervals.

Blossom and plant protection during Bahar Management

• Flowering or Blossom in Mango occurs at different times in various states of India due to different climatic, meteorological and soil structure  of the area. Blossom and plant protection schedule changes as per the area location.
• First spray in Third week of October. Quinalphos, Cypermethrin, M45.
• Second spray in first week of November. Streptocycline, Imamectin benzoate, copper oxy chloride.
• Third spray in second week of November or at bud busting stage of NAA, Calcium Nitrate and urea.
• Fourth spray in Third week of November of Methyl Demeton and 80% Sulphur
• Fifth spray in fourth week of November of NAA, Calcium Nitrate ,and urea.
• Sixth spray in first week of December of Dichlorvos,  Propiconazole and Ditophal.
• Seventh spray in Third week of December of Carbendazim and Spinosad.
• Eighth spray in First week of  January of G,A, Aciton. Zink and Urea.
• Nineth spray in Third week of January of NAA, Nitrobenzene, potassium Nitrate and urea.
• February, March  and April preventive spray during fruit development of Dimethoate, Chlorpyriphos, Hexaconazole and Azadirectin as per need.

Harvesting, sorting, grading, packing, storage.

Harvesting

Harvesting of fruits at 80 percent maturity.

Maturity index of mango fruit- It is advisable to harvest mango fruits at the 80 percent maturity stage. 80 percent maturity is examined by

• Self dropping of fruit.
• Change of color from dark green to light green.
• Little insert of Fruit panicle into the fruit.
• The ring on the panicle near to mango fruit turns yellow.
• typical powder coating on fruit.
• Briks 12 degree.

Harvesting: Mango fruits require 100 to 125 days for maturity after flowering depending upon temperature and variety. Mango fruit harvesting should be done at the 80 percent maturity stage. Mango fruits should be harvested by keeping panicked with the fruit.

Harvesting should be done either in morning hours or in evening hours. Fruits that are harvested should be kept in a cool place.

Storage temperature restores ripening, softness and color changes.

• During storage mango fruit color, ripening, softness of fruit, weight loss, fruit shrinking and fungus, Bacterial development has to be controlled.
• Precooling is the first step to down fruit temp.

Sorting and grading:

Their weight and shape do the sorting and grading of mango fruits. It varies as per variety.

• Alphonso (Hapus):

Grade A: 300 to 350 gm

Grade B: 250 to 300 gm

Grade C: 200 to 250 gm

• Kesar:

Grade A: 350 to 400 gm

Grade B: 300 to 350 gm

Grade C: 250 to 300 gm

Packing, storage, and transport to market

• As per market demand and variety packing of mango, fruits are done in various sizes of boxes.
• Packed boxes should be kept in a cool place.
• Packages should be sent to distinct markets at night time.

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